How Leaders Undermine Psychological Safety

Psychological safety is the cornerstone of high-performing teams and thriving workplaces, enabling open communication, creativity, and innovation. However, even well-intentioned leaders can unknowingly erode this environment through specific actions or habits. Whether dismissing feedback, micromanaging, or prioritising results over relationships, these behaviours can stifle collaboration and suppress team morale. The resulting impact isn’t just limited to strained relationships—companies face diminished learning, reduced creativity, and a decline in overall productivity. This article dives into the subtle ways leaders may undermine psychological safety and provides actionable insights to help leaders foster an atmosphere of trust and openness where employees feel empowered to contribute and take risks without fear of judgment.

The concept of psychological safety is pivotal in today’s corporate environment, as highlighted by Amy Edmondson’s influential work The Fearless Organization. While its benefits are clear—fostering innovation, engagement and a no-blame culture—leaders often hinder the implementation.

Understanding Psychological Safety

Psychological safety creates a corporate culture that values transparency and sees mistakes as learning opportunities. It encourages individuals to voice concerns and share ideas freely, which is crucial for driving forward-thinking and innovation.

Consider the alternative: a culture of fear and shame that drives problems underground, misses learning opportunities and increases the risk of systemic issues. It is human nature to avoid looking foolish and being shunned. So mistakes are hidden and we let things slide.

Learning From History

In the late ’70s and early ’80s, the global aviation industry faced substantial safety issues, declining consumer confidence and air travel numbers. They had little choice but to tackle their safety issues head-on. This required airlines to come together with a common goal to make everyone who flies as safe as possible.

Introducing a nonpunitive reporting policy required pilots to share incidents and near misses within an agreed timeframe. This policy was pivotal to improving standards, making air travel one of the safest forms of travel.

Why Do Businesses Choose To Focus On It?

Businesses now see psychological safety as a beacon for high engagement and empowerment, unlocking hidden potential while making an environment less risky. This pursuit is admirable and noble, but it needs the courage and conviction of leaders to see it through. It is also a journey, not a destination.

What Causes Psychological Safety To Fail?

Teams constantly change, and therefore, dynamics shift. Our primal responses see new people as threats, unknown entities that cause uncertainty and anxiety. Much of this is subconscious, so we might not even realise it’s happening. When you add in internal competition, ego and misaligned goals, the cracks soon appear, and performance levels drop.

Egotistical leaders who place their needs above the group destroy psychological safety. Their obsession with winning causes people to feel unsafe. A more selfless leadership focused on performance—that faces the facts, sharing thoughts, good and bad—can lead to a better future.

How leaders react is crucial, too. When things happen, is their response disproportionate? Or are they balanced, calm and methodical? The personal pressure level will determine a leader’s response, and their feelings can influence whether it’s in proportion.

The leader’s intent may be to tackle the challenge a-on, embrace the learning opportunity and come together to work through it. However, add in the complexity and demands from boardrooms, stock markets, media and the workforce, and that intent may waver. The scale and nature of these pressures can easily bias any leader’s decision-making.

How leaders intellectually spar with their people can be dangerous. It can be healthy to stretch, test and explore with their people, but if they have to “win” the argument, they will likely intimidate their people, who will probably then stay in their lane and play it safe.

I sympathise with those in public roles who are particularly susceptible to this; the risk of failure is so high personally and professionally that adopting a psychological safety culture, while intellectually sensible, can be risky as mistakes and failure are spun in the public eye by the press with a witch hunt as they demand someone to be held accountable—that’s not conducive to psychological safety and definitely a need for strong leadership.

What Happens When Psychological Safety Is Failing?

The absence of psychological safety causes decline, whether it be an existential problem that causes the leader’s downfall or a slow decline.

Without learning and growth, people don’t innovate, take risks or be creative. People who previously felt safe can now feel exposed and seek new opportunities elsewhere, which means losing talent and recruiting becoming harder.

Employees can become less engaged and feel undervalued, marginalized and underappreciated, so delivering organizational goals becomes much more challenging.

Increased stress and anxiety directly impact decision-making. People play it safe, looking for ways not to lose instead of playing to win. Playing to win means being prepared to lose, but knowing failure means learning and growth. In other words, you either win or learn.

The irony is that a psychologically safe culture surfaces issues and allows for debate, discussion, shared learning and more collaborative problem-solving. All of which raise standards across an organization, decreasing risk and driving up performance.

Why You Need To Hold Your Nerve

The alternative to psychological safety doesn’t bear thinking about; a false harmony pervades, and blind spots grow. It makes no sense only to hear what you want to hear; the reality is that bear traps are lying in wait!

Psychological safety doesn’t guarantee a worry-free journey, but the issues can be in plain sight, and your people will be more likely to want to be a part of the solution.

It takes real effort to remain rational and calm when things around you are failing. However, we can train ourselves to look for the learning in the chaos over time. But you must fight your body’s natural fight or flight response, develop strong self-talk and create a narrative that finds the learning once you let the emotions dissipate.

As Kipling said, “If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs and blaming it on you; If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you but make allowance for their doubting too; If you can wait and not be tired by waiting.”

Being human means making mistakes. Being superhuman might just mean having the courage to embrace and learn from them.

This article first appeared on Forbes.com on 27th February 2024

Ricky has been a regular contributor to the Forbes Councils since 2023, where he shares his perspectives on all things leadership, change, culture and productivity, all with Thinking Focus’ unique perspective on metacognition, or as we prefer to say, thinking about thinking.

Why Purpose is the Key to Your Success

Purpose: why your success depends on it dives into the concept of purpose and its critical role in driving success both personally and professionally.

Discover how understanding and aligning with your purpose can transform your approach to work, motivate teams, and lead to remarkable achievements.

Have you ever wondered if there’s more to your job than just tasks and deadlines?

Uncover the power of purpose and how it can turn routine into passion, driving you and your team towards success.

Journey to Success: Follow my journey as a Manager, where starting from scratch with a new team, we achieved our annual goal in just ten months. Learn how a clear purpose and a compelling vision inspired my team to overcome challenges and exceed expectations.

Purpose is our driving force; it’s why we do what we do. From global charities like Oxfam to iconic brands like Coca-Cola, we explore how purpose fuels dedication and inspires contributions beyond the ordinary. Discover why purpose is a frontline manager’s secret weapon for motivating teams, making strategic decisions, and fostering a culture of resilience and productivity.

You will gain practical tips and strategies for embedding purpose in your leadership style. Learn how to articulate a vision that resonates, recruit team members aligned with your mission, and continually reinforce the importance of purpose in achieving organizational goals.

The Secrets to Managing Stellar Talent and Building Unstoppable Teams!

Rock Stars vs Superstars

Are you ready to unlock the full potential of your team?

Dive into our latest video, “Rock Stars vs Superstars: The Secrets to Managing Stellar Talent and Building Unstoppable Teams!” For Every Leader and Manager.

This video is a must-watch for every leader and manager seeking to understand and nurture their team’s diverse talents. Learn about the unique attributes of Rock Stars – the dependable, consistent performers who form the backbone of your team, and Superstars – the ambitious, visionary change-makers driving innovation.

Ricky explains how these two types of performers can transform the dynamics of your workplace. Join Us on This Enlightening Journey!

Don’t miss out on this opportunity to transform your approach to team management. Watch now, and let’s rock and roll towards a future where every member of your team shines brightly!

Remember, understanding and nurturing your Rock Stars and Superstars is key to creating a universe where every star shines.

Inspired by the book Radical Candor by Kim Scott

Do Your Work Goals Pass This Test?

Do your work goals pass this test?

Learn how to focus on your goals and why your work goals must pass this test.

In this video, we unpack the holy trinity; the secret to focusing on your goals is the ‘what’, ‘why’, and ‘can I’. These are three hugely important components of any goal. Without these three solid foundations, you will learn how weak your goals are a major issues and how you are leaving the success of you and your team to chance.

Get your holy trinity in check, and you will not only make your planning more effective but also significantly increase your likelihood of success.

Look out for a terrible joke, too; my apologies! What are you waiting for?

Dive in and learn how to make your goals more robust.

The Complex Landscape Of Modern Learning And Decision-Making

Navigating the Shades of Grey

In today’s intricate world, decision-making and learning often occur in ambiguous contexts where clear-cut answers are rare. This article delves into the complexities of navigating these “grey areas,” emphasising the importance of critical thinking, ethical reasoning, and adaptability. It highlights how social contexts and cultural influences shape our perceptions and decisions, underscoring the need for continuous learning and cultivating environments that encourage open dialogue and diverse perspectives.

Not all lessons are black and white in the vast expanse of learning and development. Much of what we learn, especially in leadership, management and personal growth, lies in grey areas—complex, nuanced and often without clear-cut answers.

How, then, do you train and develop your people to work in the grey zones when a flowchart, manual, process, or, dare I say it, artificial intelligence (AI) can’t cut it? Not yet, at least.

Serendipity piqued my curiosity, leading me into the world of social learning theory.

A Chance Encounter Inspires A Challenge

When a global automotive manufacturer challenged my company to think differently and to look at a learning problem from another perspective, we had to embrace the opportunity.

The challenge was to address a development gap in their frontline people managers; while skilled and competent in the technical and process aspects of the role, they needed to be more effective in their soft skills. The need was to be able to have impactful people conversations that changed behavior. Challenges where the stock answer is “It depends” are not the happy place for managers who would sooner fix a technical issue than talk to their people. Of course, there were operational constraints and budgetary limits, too.

We train, develop and coach people worldwide for some of the biggest brands, but this needed a new solution, something like gamification. At that time, it was not at all in our sweet spot. So we set about doing our research.

We created a dilemma game for them, one that blended four distinct components:

  • Gamification to motivate and maintain interest;
  • Psychological safety to enable participants to feel comfortable surfacing issues or exposing perceived weaknesses (the game element also helps this);
  • Group coaching, where a facilitator runs the game and asks great questions to cause conversation, exploration and curiosity; and finally,
  • Social learning, encouraging people to share their experiences, good and bad, for the benefit of the group, all under the pretext of “It’s only a game.”

Players shared more than we ever imagined, and managers grew, not just in learning but in recognising that they are not the only ones who struggle. Additionally, they built an internal support network they can talk to when needed.

The Essence Of Social Learning

Social learning is at the heart of understanding how we navigate the grey areas.

Psychologist Albert Bandura, professor emeritus of social science in psychology at Stanford University, popularised the theory. Bandura suggests that people learn from one another via observation, imitation and modelling.

One of Bandura’s most famous experiments, the Bobo doll study, demonstrated how individuals, particularly children, learn and replicate behaviours they observe in others.

This fundamental concept illuminates the significant impact of environmental and social influences on our learning processes and decision-making abilities. Where you work and who you work with significantly impact what you learn.

Learning From The Environment: The Role Of Observational Learning

From early childhood, our learning is deep-rooted in observation. We watch the actions of those around us—our parents, teachers, and peers—and see the consequences of those actions.

This observational learning extends beyond mere replication of behaviours. It involves understanding the outcomes of actions and adjusting our behaviour in response.

When we witness positive results, we are encouraged to mimic those actions. Conversely, adverse outcomes might deter us but can also pique curiosity and imitation under certain circumstances.

This dynamic interaction with our environment shapes our understanding of the world, especially in areas where the answers could be more straightforward.

The Grey Areas: Navigating Complexity Through Social Contexts

The grey areas of decision-making and ethics represent a significant challenge for personal development and professional training. These are the domains where right and wrong are not easily discernible, where the ethical, practical and effective course of action might vary depending on context and perspective.

Training individuals to navigate these complexities requires a sophisticated approach beyond traditional didactic methods. How you get an answer becomes a more important skill than knowing the answer.

Creating realistic and contextual situations for discussion and exploration is critical. By simulating real-life scenarios that present ethical dilemmas or complex decision-making situations, learners can engage in critical thinking, explore different outcomes and consider the implications of various actions.

This experiential learning approach encourages individuals to reflect on their values, the influence of their actions on others and the broader societal implications.

The Impact Of Peers And Culture

Our peers and the culture we are a part of play crucial roles in shaping our responses to grey areas. The social norms, values and behaviours are prevalent in our immediate environment influence our perceptions of what is acceptable or desirable.

This social context can either reinforce positive behaviors or perpetuate negative ones. Recognizing the power of social influence is crucial for both learners and educators, as it highlights the importance of fostering positive, supportive and ethical communities.

Moving Toward A Future Of Informed

Decision-Making

Training for the shades of gray requires an emphasis on critical thinking, empathy and ethical reasoning. It involves cultivating an environment where questioning is encouraged and diverse perspectives are valued.

By leveraging social learning principles, educators and leaders can create more nuanced training programs that prepare individuals not just to choose between black and white but to navigate the vast spectrum of grey created by current levels of uncertainty with confidence and integrity.

Our Solution

What Would You Do? helps cross-functional groups surface common issues and performance gaps through social learning, gamification, group coaching and psychological safety. You can learn more here.

Conclusion

In a complex and nuanced world, navigating the grey areas is more crucial than ever. Understanding and applying social learning principles can better prepare us and others to make informed, ethical and impactful decisions.

By observing, discussing and reflecting on the multifaceted outcomes of our actions, we grow as managers and leaders, ready to face the challenges of tomorrow with wisdom and compassion.

This article first appeared on Forbes.com on 15th April 2024

Ricky has been a regular contributor to the Forbes Councils since 2023, where he shares his perspectives on all things leadership, change, culture and productivity, all with Thinking Focus’ unique perspective on metacognition, or as we prefer to say, thinking about thinking.

What Google says about High Performing Teams

Uncover the Secrets to High-Performing Teams

Are you looking to boost your team’s productivity and cohesion?

Ricky dives into the groundbreaking study by Google that sheds light on what truly sets high-performing teams apart. Whether you’re a manager, team leader, or team member or have a curious mind, this video holds transformative insights for you!

Inside this video, you will discover:

  • Google’s extensive research spanned over two years.
  • Powerful takeaways from 200+ interviews & analysis of 250 attributes across 180+ active Google teams.
  • The surprising truth about what really matters in teamwork.
  • A comprehensive breakdown of Google’s five key dynamics for high-performing teams:
    • Impact of Work
    • Meaning of Work
    • Structure and clarity
    • Dependability
    • Psychological Safety

Exclusive Resource: Want to implement psychological safety in your team? Don’t miss the exclusive worksheet that will guide you through the process! Click here for the worksheet

Join Ricky on this enlightening journey and equip yourself with the tools and knowledge to craft a team that doesn’t just work but excels!

How to Master Teamwork: 7 Essential Tips to Be a Stellar Team Player

Mastering Teamwork: 7 Essential Tips to Be a Stellar Team Player

In this video, we delve deep into the art of teamwork. Whether you’re aiming to enhance your professional collaborations or uplift your personal interactions, being a top-notch team player is the game-changer.

What’s Inside?

  • Communication Foundations
  • Valuing Diverse Perspectives
  • Harnessing Individual Strengths
  • The Power of Reliability
  • The Need for Adaptability
  • Staying Positive in Team Dynamics
  • Resolving Conflicts the Right Way

Mastering teamwork isn’t just about getting the job done; it’s about fostering relationships, growing personally, and contributing meaningfully to collective efforts. Dive in to explore how you can elevate your team interactions and personal growth journey.

Areas Every Leader Must Master For Success: The People Category

This second instalment of a three-part series focuses on the “People” category, highlighting three key leadership elements: engagement, feelings, and talent.

Engagement: Leaders must connect team members to the organisation’s purpose, fostering personal commitment and motivation. Consistently reinforcing the “why” helps maintain alignment and enthusiasm.

Feelings: Creating a psychologically safe environment is crucial for innovation and growth. Leaders should promote a culture where failure is seen as an opportunity to learn, encouraging resilience and risk-taking while maintaining accountability.

Talent: Attracting and developing the right talent is not just a goal; it’s a necessity. Leaders must ensure their teams are diverse in thought, aligned with the organisation’s purpose, and capable of driving success. Tough decisions may be necessary to maintain a high-performance culture, but the benefits of a diverse and capable team are worth it.

The article also provides critical questions for leaders to assess and enhance their approach to engaging, supporting, and developing their teams. The series will conclude with a focus on mastering productivity, emphasising effective plan execution.

In this second part of my three-part miniseries, we’ll explore the category of people, which follows hot on the heels of purpose, which we explored in part one.

The people category is comprised of three elements: engagement, feelings and talent. Your role as a leader is to create a psychologically safe space where people can thrive and deliver. People perform at their best when connected to their work and when they understand the impact it will have. They also need the space and opportunity to learn, grow and develop, knowing their boss has their back.

Let’s take a closer look at the three elements of the people category.

Engagement

Skilled leaders bridge the gap between individuals and the higher purpose. They help team members understand the significance of the goal on a personal level, fostering a sense of purpose and passion within each person.

I work with many leaders on their purpose. They put time and effort into crafting an inspiring, compelling, and engaging message. Enthused by their work, they share it and get their troops fired up, only to let it die on the vine.

The purpose (the “why”) is a leader’s most potent engagement tool; it helps you find the right people for the journey. Purpose is a drum that you need to bang repeatedly, constantly reminding people why we all do what we do.

Feelings

This is far from the soft side of leadership. Leaders are custodians of organisational culture, responsible for cultivating an environment where people can flourish, learn and push boundaries. To do this, you must provide a psychologically safe space where individuals can confidently pursue growth and innovation, knowing their boss has their back.

I have heard leaders openly say, “It’s okay to fail,” only to blow up when things go wrong. In her book Dare to Lead, Brené Brown likens this to sticking someone on a plane and expecting them to skydive without first teaching them how to land.

As a leader, you must build a win-or-learn culture, harnessing failure as an opportunity to grow. This does not mean ignoring conduct and capability issues; people still need managing. But encouraging them to take a chance means people will innovate and do the right thing when it matters most.

Talent

Leaders are blessed (or cursed) with the relentless pursuit of finding and retaining the right people aligned with the higher purpose. Make sure you surround yourself with talented individuals connected to the purpose, and nurture and develop your team members, ensuring that their skills match the organisation’s demands. You must also make tough decisions to dismiss those who are not fully committed to the journey.

Three common pieces of advice for leaders are to surround yourself with different thinkers, clearly define high performance and intervene when people aren’t cutting it.

I have coached several leaders who have built a team of people like themselves. We like people who see the world as we do. But how do you know what your people really think? Find people who see the world differently from you; encourage, if not demand, that they challenge your perspective. People whose careers are in their boss’s hands will often play it safe when authority bias is at play.

I’ve seen leaders so focused on a top performer that they overlook their poor behaviours while picking up on other team members’ behaviours. This inconsistency creates a two-tier system that leads to a downward trend in overall performance, and people leave.

In one example, I worked with a leader who held their top performer accountable, only for them to exit. They were terrified their numbers would decline. However, the team responded positively; the overall team performance went up over time as people recognised that how we do the work is as important as the results. The team is now aligned and committed to the cause; of course, they still have challenges to overcome, but they work together.

Sadly, I have had to dismiss team members several times, but only after allowing them time to improve with coaching and support. In one case, it became apparent that their heart wasn’t in it, so it needed addressing.

I had a challenging conversation with them, after which they thanked me. They were desperately unhappy at work. My primary learning was to intervene early; we both could have avoided the pain of a drawn-out process.


This next section lays out a set of questions to help you stress-test the people category. It will help you define, check and balance so you can get the right people on the team, develop capability and engage people to get the best out of them. It will also help you understand how teams interact and how to encourage and manage healthy conflict while creating an environment where people want and feel able to give their best.

Questions to Ask

If you want to create an environment for people to flourish and a team people want to join, ask these questions.

Engagement

  • How might we connect people to the purpose?
  • How might we motivate people and keep them going?
  • What support structures might we need?
  • How might we help people learn and grow?
  • How might we measure engagement?

Feelings

  • How might we remove the fear of conflict?
  • How might we build resilience in our people?
  • How might we promote change as an opportunity?
  • What are we doing to create a psychologically safe environment?
  • How might we encourage meaning and purpose?

Talent

  • How might we attract the best people to work with us?
  • What do we need in our talent base—now and in the future?
  • What could we do to improve capability and develop capacity?
  • How might we create a learning culture in our teams?
  • How do we ensure that we nurture and retain talent—and move people on (or out)?
  • How do we identify talent?

Look out for the final part of this three-part miniseries where I’ll unpack the third area leaders must master for success: productivity.

Great leaders recognise that creating the right environment for their people to flourish with a compelling purpose is all well and good, but they still need to execute the plan and get it done.

This article first appeared on Forbes.com on 1st September 2023

Ricky has been a regular contributor to the Forbes Councils since 2023, where he shares his perspectives on all things leadership, change, culture and productivity, all with Thinking Focus’ unique perspective on metacognition, or as we prefer to say, thinking about thinking.

Why you should involve your team in solving problems and how to do it

In this video, we’ll discuss how involving your team in problem-solving can help you succeed.

We’ll explore the benefits of team problem-solving, how to approach it, and the best ways to implement it within your organisation.

Resources:

By involving your team in problem-solving, you’ll be able to achieve success more efficiently and effectively. You’ll be able to identify and solve problems quickly, and you’ll be able to build trust and collaboration within your team. This is an important skill to have if you want to be successful in your career, and this video will help you learn how to do it!

Areas Every Leader Must Master For Success: The Power Of Purpose

Leadership remains a critical focus for organisations, with over $60 billion spent annually on leadership development worldwide. Despite extensive training, many leaders struggle to define their role clearly. In this first article of a three-part series, the author explores the concept of purpose as a foundational element of effective leadership, breaking it down into three key areas: higher purpose, perceptions, and scope.

  1. Higher Purpose: Leaders must articulate a compelling and clear purpose that resonates across all levels of the organisation. A well-defined purpose guides decision-making and aligns teams, ensuring everyone is motivated and committed to achieving common goals.
  2. Perceptions: Leaders play a crucial role as the organisation’s PR representatives, shaping both internal and external perceptions. By effectively communicating the purpose and linking each team member’s role to the broader mission, leaders foster a sense of ownership and alignment.
  3. Scope: Striking a balance between ambition and resources is paramount. Leaders must identify the ‘Goldilocks zone’—setting challenges that are demanding yet attainable. This necessitates making strategic decisions about what to pursue and what to relinquish, ensuring that teams are not stretched too thin and that resources are utilised efficiently.

The article also equips leaders with practical questions to evaluate and refine their approach to purpose, perceptions, and scope. These insights are designed to empower leaders in driving their organisations forward while maintaining clarity of direction and focus. The next article in the series will delve into the second critical category: people.

Leadership is an ever-evolving concept that remains a subject of profound interest and exploration for professionals worldwide. Global organisations spend more than $60 billion every year on leadership development, honing the skills of seasoned and aspiring leaders.

Despite all this learning, a simple question baffles even the most seasoned leaders: “What exactly do leaders do?” You will find widespread discussion on leadership styles and theories, but there’s a distinct lack of focus on what leaders actually do.

I co-founded my company in 2016, a behavioural change business helping corporate teams “get out of their own way.” This talented team has multi-sector corporate world leadership experience gained in finance, utilities, hospitality, health care and telecoms, to name a few.

Over the years, we have encountered many frustrated leaders in our interactions, observations and countless coaching sessions in over 150 companies. From this emerged nine key areas related to what leaders should be doing. All nine, while expected, are surprisingly hard to find all in one place.

These nine areas fall under three core categories: purpose, people, and productivity. In a three-part miniseries, I will unpack each category and uncover the nine critical areas. I will share insights and examples and provide a comprehensive checklist guiding leaders toward effective and impactful leadership practices. In this first article, let’s start with the purpose category and look at its three key areas.

Purpose: Clarifying Direction And Focus

The purpose category boils down to three core elements: higher purpose, perceptions, and scope. Successful leaders understand the significance of shaping and articulating a higher purpose, managing perceptions inside and outside the organisation, and balancing their resources to achieve a demanding agenda.

Higher Purpose

I am working with the senior team of a top motorway services operator in the U.K., a highly successful organisation embarking on its next growth phase. They recognised that their 6,500-strong team needed to step up to do this. I challenged them to articulate their purpose as if I were a new starter on the front line of their business.

It was challenging; while they could intellectualise it, they couldn’t simplify it. The purpose should be compelling and translatable across the organisation to engage and keep teams motivated even when times get tough. The simpler it is, the easier it will be to socialise, share and inspire people to step up and pursue ambitious goals.

This overarching purpose defines future aspirations, informs decision-making, and forms the basis for any proposed changes to the plan. Any changes to strategies and tactics should be tested against the purpose. Does this align with our purpose? Accelerates our plan? And at what cost?

Perceptions

Leaders are the organisation’s PR representatives, building a team of individuals dedicated to achieving a common goal. They help others understand how their work fits the bigger picture, motivating and garnering acceptance to reduce barriers to success.

In my example above with the motorway service operator, the simplified strategy became three core areas that made sense to stakeholders at all levels. Leaders can lift it off the page and talk passionately with every team member. It enables team members to connect their contribution to the higher purpose.

In an effort to help cultivate consistent internal and external perceptions like these, my company runs its leadership program alongside senior team workshops, providing tools and mental models and extending permission to apply them to meaningful sponsored business projects.

Scope

Ambition is essential for companies to drive forward, stretching their teams to perform. However, leaders must balance their resources, which is particularly tricky for leaders who continually demand more.

Leaders should look for the Goldilocks zone. If the challenge is not great enough, your people get bored and coast along—until the pace increases, then find it hard to step up. Too much on the agenda, and you will burn out your people or risk achieving nothing; at best, you will have delays or cut corners to meet demanding timelines, quality expectations, and budgets.

It is much better to focus on what you care about; challenging, yes, but achievable. Business strategist Michael Porter says that strategy is choosing what not to do. Leaders often forget that resources are finite, be that skills, people or budget.

I am coaching a project manager of a large U.S.-based med-tech company based in Europe. They report to the U.S.-based project management office (PMO). My coachee’s frustration is “too many projects with too few resources available.” Add to this senior colleagues refusing to talk truth to power. They are not calling out resource shortages or pressure on timelines for fear of repercussions at a more senior level—the impact is overcommitting others to unachievable expectations and setting them up to fail.

Questions to Ask

Leaders must be careful what they ask for and foster a psychologically safe space where people can and will share reality.

These questions can help leaders define, check and balance their higher purpose and perceptions and manage a demanding yet achievable agenda.

Higher Purpose

  • What are the compelling reasons why we do what we do?
  • Why this and not something else?
  • Why is this better than doing nothing?
  • If all else fails, what would we revert to?
  • What are we not prepared to compromise?

Perceptions

  • How do we judge how others see the purpose?
  • How do we communicate our view of the purpose?
  • How do we promote congruent attitudes and behaviour?
  • What are we consistently doing to grow the team?
  • How do we, as leaders, model for and serve our followers?

Scope

  • What are the most relevant priorities for us?
  • What’s in scope—and what’s not?
  • Why this first? Why now and not later?
  • What are the boundaries of our activity?
  • What are we prepared to give up?

Look out for part two of this three-part miniseries on areas leaders must master for success. We’ll delve into the second category: people.

Great leaders understand that the success of any organisation lies in creating an environment where people can grow, succeed and contribute to a common purpose.

This article first appeared on Forbes.com on 11th August 2023

Ricky has been a regular contributor to the Forbes Councils since 2023, where he shares his perspectives on all things leadership, change, culture and productivity, all with Thinking Focus’ unique perspective on metacognition, or as we prefer to say, thinking about thinking.